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Earth

What causes wind

Warm the land, cool the sea, and a breeze appears.

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Earth

Why the sky is blue

Shine sunlight through the air and watch blue light scatter everywhere.

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Earth

What causes lightning and thunder

Charge up a storm cloud, then let the spark fly.

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Earth

How volcanoes form and erupt

Build up the pressure under the crust and pop the cork.

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Earth

What causes a tsunami

Jolt the seafloor and chase a wave across an ocean.

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Earth

What causes climate change

Thicken Earth's blanket and watch the heat pile up.

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Earth

How hurricanes form

Feed a storm warm ocean water and watch it spin up.

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Earth

How the water cycle works

Ride one drop from the sea to a cloud to a river and back.

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Earth

What causes earthquakes

Push two plates until they slip, then feel the waves arrive.

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Earth

How tornadoes form

Twist the winds inside a storm until a funnel touches down.

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Earth

What causes tides

Drag the Moon around Earth and watch the oceans bulge.

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Earth

How rainbows form

Shine the Sun through a raindrop and split white light apart.

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Earth

How fossils form

Bury a fish in mud and fast-forward a million years.

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Earth

How the Grand Canyon formed

Let a river cut through rock, layer by layer, for millions of years.

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Earth

What causes fog

Cool the air until it can't hold its water, and a cloud sits on the ground.

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Earth

Why ice floats

Freeze water and watch its molecules lock into an airy honeycomb.

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Earth

How mountains form

Push two plates together and fold rock into peaks.

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Earth

How diamonds are made

Squeeze carbon 150 km down, then ride a volcano to the surface.

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Earth

How snowflakes form

Grow a six-armed crystal from one speck of dust in a cold cloud.

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Earth

What if Yellowstone erupted?

Peek into the magma under the geysers and size up the real risk.

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Earth

How wildfires start

Mix heat, fuel and air, add wind, and watch a spark run.

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Earth

What makes tectonic plates move

Heat the mantle, pull a sinking slab, and drift the continents.

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Earth

How hail forms

Toss an ice pellet up and down a storm and grow it layer by layer.

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Earth

What causes ocean waves

Blow wind across the sea and watch energy roll to the shore.

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Earth

How coal is formed

Bury a swamp forest and squeeze it for 300 million years.

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Earth

Why invasive species are a problem

Drop a newcomer into a lake with no predators and watch it take over.

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Earth

How oil is formed

Sink tiny sea creatures, bury them deep and cook them for millions of years.

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Earth

Why it rains

Grow a cloud droplet a million times until it falls.

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Earth

How recycling works

Sort, shred, melt and remake: follow a bottle's second life.

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Earth

Why the ocean is salty

Follow rain as it carries rock salt down rivers into the sea.

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Earth

Why the ocean is blue

Dive down and watch red light vanish first.

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Earth

How clouds form

Lift warm air until its water vapour turns into floating droplets.

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Earth

How salt melts ice

Sprinkle salt and make freezing much harder for water.

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Earth

How trees grow

Add a new ring every year and lift water 100 metres high.

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Earth

What causes ocean currents

Follow the great ocean conveyor belt around the world.

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Earth

Why biodiversity is important

Pull one thread and watch the whole web of life wobble.

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Earth

How sedimentary rocks form

Stack sand, mud and shells into stone over millions of years.

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Earth

How the carbon cycle works

Follow a carbon atom from air to tree to ocean and back.

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Earth

How igneous rocks form

Cool melted rock fast or slow and see different crystals grow.

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Earth

How metamorphic rocks form

Squeeze and heat a rock and watch it change without melting.

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Earth

Weather vs climate: what's the difference

Weather is your outfit today; climate is your whole wardrobe.